Preface

Section – 1 : Biochemistry

1. Structure of Atoms, Molecules, Bonds, Interactions

2. pH, buffer, Colligative properties, Molarity, Kinetics

3. Thermodynamics

4. Enzymes

5. Enzyme Inhibition

6. Carbohydrates, Lipids, Amino acid, Vitamins

7. Nucleotide and Nucleic acid (DNA/RNA)

8. Ramachandran Plot

9. Protein Folding– Secondary and Tertiary Structure

10. Proteins: Electrophoresis/Chromatography

11. Protein sequencing: Edman & Mass spectroscopy

12. Circular Dichroism spectroscopy

13. Carbohydrate Metabolism and TCA

14. Lipids, Amino acids and Nucleotide Metabolism

15. Red–Ox reaction, ETC and ATP synthesis

Section – 2: Cell Biology

1. Membrane Structure and Lipid Rafts

2. Applied Questions– Membrane Proteins, FRAP 49

3. Membrane Transport and potential

4. Protein Sorting

5. Cell wall and Cell Organelles

6. Cytoskeleton and its role in motility

7. Genome Organization

8. Transposons

9. Mitosis and meiosis cell

10. Cell Cycle and Regulation

11. Microbial Growth, Physiology and Stress

Section – 3: Molecular Biology

1. DNA Replication

2. DNA damage and repair mechanisms

3. Prokaryotic Transcription Process

4. Eukaryotic Transcription Process

5. 5’ Capping and poly adenylation

6. RNA editing, splicing, trans-splicing and transport

7. Promoter Deletion Assay/EMSA

8. Transfer RNA and Amino-Acyl t-RNA

9. Translation Process

10. Genetic Code

11. Post-Translational Event

12. Translational Inhibitor

13. Regulation of gene expression in Phage/virus

14. Control of gene expression: LAC OPERON

15. Trp Operon

16. Control of gene expression in eukaryotes

17. mOR pathway and Translation regulation

18. Role of chromatin in gene expression

19. Gene silencing - RNA interference

Section – 4: Cell Communication Signaling and Immunology

1. Host parasite interaction

2. Cell Signaling

3. G Protein Coupled Receptor

4. Receptor Tyrosine Kinase and NF-kB Signaling

5. Nuclear Receptor

6. Bacterial Signaling/chemotaxis

7. Applied Question-Signaling

8. Regulation of hematopoiesis

9. Cell-Cell and Cell-Matrix Interaction

10. Cell-Cell Signaling

11. Cancer

12. Apoptosis and Autophagy

13. Antigens and immunogenicity

14. Structure and Function of Antibody

15. Antibody diversity and monoclonal antibodies

16. MHC molecules, antigen presentation

17. Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses

18. The complement system and Toll like receptors

19. Hypersensitivity and autoimmunity

20. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other bacteria

21. Plasmodium falciparum and Leishmania

22. Viral Infections

23. Vaccines

Section – 5: Developmental Biology

1. Determination, Fate, Morphogen

2. Gametogenesis and fertilization

3. Zygote formation, cleavage, blastula formation

4. Embryonic Stem cell and Potency

5. Gastrulation and formation of germ layers

6. Cell aggregation in Dictyostelium

7. Development in Sea Urchin

8. Axes and pattern formation in Drosophila

9. Axes and pattern formation amphibia and chick

10. Vulva formation in Caenorhabditis elegans

11. Eye lens induction

12. Limb development in vertebrates

13. Regeneration and Differentiation of neurons

14. Sex determination

15. Fertilization and development in Plants

16. Floral development in Arabidopsis

Section – 6: Plant Physiology

1. Photosynthesis - Light Reaction

2. CO2 fixation-C3, C4 and CAM pathways.

3. Sucrose-Starch Synthesis

4. Photorespiration, Respiration, ETC, PPP

5. Microbial Nitrogen Fixation

6. Nitrate and ammonium assimilation

7. Plant hormones

8. Plant Hormone –Signaling

9. Phytochromes

10. Cryptochromes, phototropins, stomatal movement

11. Photoperiodism and biological clocks

12. Solute/Water transport

13. Phloem translocation

14. Secondary metabolites - Biosynthesis of terpenes

15. Phenols, Alkaloids and Glucosinolates

16. Responses of plants to abiotic stress

17. Responses of plants to biotic stress

Section – 7: Animal Physiology

1. Blood, plasma, groups and hemostasis

2. Cardiovascular System

3. ECG – its principle and significance

4. Respiratory system

5. Action potential, Nerve Impulse Transmission

6. Brain, Central and peripheral nervous system

7. Neural control of muscle tone and posture

8. Sense organs – Vision

9. Hearing and Tactile response.

10. Excretory system

11. Blood volume, electrolyte and, acid-base balance.

12. Stresss and Thermoregulation

13. Digestive system

14. Endocrinology

15. Reproduction and hormones

Section – 8: Genetics

1. Dominance, segregation, independent assortment

2. Multiple alleles

3. Complementation test and recon

4. Gene-Gene interactions

5. Genomic imprinting, dosage compensation, phenocopy, Sex linked characters

6. Recombination and Gene mapping methods: Linkage

7. Tetrad analysis

8. Molecular markers in genetics

9. Mapping by deletion and somatic cell hybrids

10. Extra chromosomal inheritance and Maternal effect

11. Microbial Transformation and Transduction

12. Mapping genes by interrupted mating

13. Pedigree analysis

14. Quantitative traits and heritability

15. Mutation : Types, causes and detection

16. Structural alterations of chromosomes

17. Numerical changes and Polyploidy

18. Homologous and Site Specific Recombination

Section – 9: Diversity in Life Forms

1. Principles of taxonomy and nomenclature

2. Classical & quantititative methods of taxonomy

3. Criteria used for classification in animals

4. Animal Larvae

5. Classification of plants

6. Classification of Bacteria

7. Fungus

8. Algae

9. Natural history of Indian subcontinent

10. Common parasites and pathogens

Section – 10: Ecology

1. Ecology, Habitat, Niche

2. Characteristics of a population

3. Population growth

4. Population regulation

5. Life history strategies (r and K selection)

6. Species Interactions and competition

7. Herbivory, Carnivory, Pollination, Symbiosis.

8. Community structure and attributes

9. Levels of species diversity and its measurement

10. Ecological Succession

11. Ecosystem structure and ecosystem function

12. Major terrestrial biome and Island biogeography

13. Environmental pollution

14. Biodiversity: Status

15. Conservation Biology

Section – 11: Evolution

1. Lamarck; Darwin–concepts

2. The evolutionary synthesis

3. Origin of Life

4. Paleontology and Evolutionary History

5. Molecular Evolution

6. Molecular tools in phylogeny

7. Population genetics

8. Microevulution

9. Random genetic drift

10. Convergent evolution/ Divergent evolution

11. Speciation: Allopatricity and Sympatricity

12. Sexual selection and Co-evolution

13. Brain, Behavior and Evolution

14. Group selection, Kin selection, Altruism

15. Biological rhythm

16. Social dominance, Use of space and territoriality

17. Parental investment and Reproductive success

18. Mimicry, Migration

Section – 12: Applied Biology

1. Microbial fermentation

2. Tissue and cell culture methods for plants

3. Transgenic plants

4. Agrobacterium Tumefaciens

5. Molecular approaches to transgene diagnosis

6. Animal Cell Culture and Transgenic Animals

7. Breeding in plants and animals

8. Bioremediation and phytoremediation

9. Biosensors

Section – 13: Methods in Biology

1. Molecular cloning and restriction digestion

2. Methods for analysis of gene expression 489

3. Isolation, separation and analysis of carbohydrate and lipid molecules

4. RFLP, RAPD and AFLP techniques/PCR

5. ELISA, RIA, western blot, FISH and GISH.

6. UV/visible spectroscopy

7. NMR, ESR, SPR spectroscopy

8. Statisitcal Methods

9. Radiolabeling techniques

10. Microscopy and flow cytometer /FACS/FRET

11. Patch-clamp, EEG, PET, MRI, fMRI, CAT