1.  Introduction

2.  Bigoraphical Data of J.W. Harshburger – Gave the concept of Ethnobotany

Biographical Data of Richard I. Ford : Reviewed Foundations of Ethobotany

3.  We need to look beyond Harshberger 

Let us look at the world 550 million years ago
Cain and Abel (Hebrew: הֶבֶל ,קַיִן Qayin, Hevel)
The lone Brazilian :
Jackson Whites: In the 1790s, a previously unheard-of tribe of Native Americans

4. Centres of Origin of Cultivated Plants

(i) The African Continent : Millets, Cotton

(ii) Yunnan or China : Rice

(iii) The Fertile Crescent : Wheat, Barley, Lentils, Chick Pea

(iv) Meso America : Maize, Cotton, Squash (Cucurbita spp.), Tobacco

(v) North South America : Potato

(vi) New Guinea Yams (Dioscorea) and Torr (Colocasia)

(vii) later developed E. America: [Sunflower, goosefoot (Chenopodium spp.), sumpweed (Iva annua var. macrocarpa)

Note: Indian Subcontinent – Sugarcane – Spices

Part II

5. Archaeological and anthropological evidence

6.  Seven societies around the world created agriculture 12,000 and 5000 years

7.  Civilization

8.  Neolithic Revolution

8.1. Agricultural transition

8.2. Domestication of plants

8.2.1 Agriculture in the Fertile Crescent

8.2.2 Agriculture in China

8.2.3. Agriculture in Africa

8.2.4. Agriculture in the Americas

8.2.5. Agriculture in Papua New Guinea

8.2.6. Agriculture in Mediterranean

9.  Domestication of animals

9.1 Domestication of animals in the Middle East

10.  Consequence

10.1 Social change

10.2 Subsequent revolutions

10.2.1 Disease

10.3. Technology

11.  Archaeogenetics

12.  References

Part III

13.  History of agriculture in the Indian subcontinent

13.1. Indian Agriculture

13.1.1. Early history

13.1.1.1. Wheat

13.1.1.2. Cotton

13.1.1.3. Spices

13.1.1.4. Mango

13.1.1.5. Muskmelon

13.1.1.6. Hemp

13.1.1.7. Peas, Sesame, Dates, Sugarcane

13.1.1.8. Jujube

13.1.1.9. Rice

13.1.1.10. Barley

13.1.1.11. The Nathufians

13.1.1.12. Millets

13.1.1.13. Ragi

14.  Chronology of Agricultural technology development in India

14.1. 9000 BC- 4500 BC

14.2. Indus Valley Civilisation (3000 – 1500 BC)

14.2.1. Pre-Harappan

14.2.2. Food-Economy in the Pre-Harappan Period

14.2.2.1. Triticum

14.2.2.2. Rice

14.2.2.3. Barley

14.2.2.4. Millets

14.2.2.5. Jowar Millet

14.2.2.6. Bajra

14.2.2.7. Ragi

14.2.2.8. Kodon

14.2.3. Agriculture in the Vindhyas

14.2.4. Indian Borderland : Afghanistan

14.2.5. Summary

14.2.6. References

14.2.7. Notes

14.3. Harappan Subsistence

14.3.1. Barley

14.3.2. Sorghum

14.3.3. Foxtail Millet

14.3.4. Gram

14.4. The Harappan Food Economy

14.4.1. Pre-Narhan Phase

14.4.2. Problems of Indus Valley Civilization

14.5. Timeline

14.5.1. Vedic period (1500 BC – 200 AD)

14.5.2. Historic Period (600 BC to 600 AD)

14.5.3. The Mauryan Empire (322–185 BC):

14.5.4. Chronology : Vedic Period – Post Maha Janapada Period (1500 BC -200 BC)

14.5.5. Anno Domini – High Middle Ages (200–1200 A.D.)

14.5.5.1. Millet

14.5.5.2. Potato

14.5.5.3. Crystallized Sugar

14.6. References

14.7. Indian Spice Trade

14.8. Early Chera, Pandyan, and Chola kingdoms (India)

14.9. Indian Spice exports

14.9.1. Spice Trade

14.9.2. The Islands of Malacca

14.9.3. Cultural Exchanges

14.10. Irrigation in South India

14.11. Chinese sericulture

14.12. Ancient times and Middle Ages

14.13. Late Middle Ages – Early Modern Era (1200–1757 AD)

14.14. Land management

15.  History of agriculture

15.1. Origins

15.1.1. The Oasis hypothesis

15.1.2. The Hilly Flanks Hypothesis

15.1.3. The Feasting Model

15.1.4. The Demographic theories

15.1.5. The Evolutionary/Intentionality Hypothesis

15.1.6. The Levantine Primacy Model

15.1.7. The Domestication Hypothesis

15.1.8. The Innovation and Specialisation Model

15.2. Development of Agriculture

15.2.1. Neolithic Revolution

15.2.1.1. Archaeoethnobotany

15.2.1.1a. Wheat

15.2.1.1b.Barley

15.2.1.1c. Peas

15.2.1.1d. Lentils

15.2.1.1e. Bitter Vetch

15.2.1.1f. Chick Peas

15.2.1.1g. Flax

15.2.1.1.h. Fig Trees

15.2.2. Farming

15.2.3. Regional History

15.2.3.1: Sumer

15.2.3.1a. Apples

15.2.3.1b. Plums and Grapes

15.2.3c. Onager

15.2.3.2. Roman Empire

15.2.3.3. Ancient China

15.2.3.4. Indus civilization : Agriculture in India

15.2.3.5. Mesoamerica : Agriculture in Mesoamerica

15.2. 3.6. South America: Incan agriculture

15.2.3.7. North America

15.2.3.7a. Eastern Agricultural Complex

15.2.3.7b. Agriculture in the prehistoric Southwest

15.2.3.7c. Agriculture on the prehistoric Great Plains

15.2.3.7d. References

15.2.3.8. Australia

15.2.3.8a. References

15.3. Middle Ages and early modern period

15.3.1. Arab lands : Arab Agricultural Revolution

15.3.2. Europe

15.3.2.1. References

15.4. Columbian exchange

15.4.1. References

15.5. History of Cotton 

15.5.1. Middle Ages and the Modern Era

15.5.2. British Empire

15.5.3. United States

15.5.3.1. Pre–Civil War United States

15.5.3.2. Civil War 

15.5.4. Modern history

15.5.4.1. Boll weevils

15.5.4.2. Africa and India

15.5.4.3. Decline in the British cotton industry

15.5.4.4. Economy

15.5.4.5. References

15.6. History of Potato

15.6.1. History by region

15.6.1.1. South America

15.6.1.2. Europe

15.6.1.3. Africa

15.6.1.4. Asia

15.6.1.5. North America

15.6.2. References

15.7. History of domestication and cultivation : Rice

15.7.1. Asia

15.7.2. South India

15.7.3. China

15.7.4. Sri Lanka

15.7.5. Thailand

15.7.6. Indonesia

15.7.7. Japan

15.7.8. Korea

15.7.9. Myanmar

15.7. 10. Philippines

15.7.11. Vietnam

15.7.12. Middle East

15.7.13. Europe

15.7.14. Italy

15.7.15. Madagascar

15.7.16. Caribbean and Latin America

15.7. 17. United States

15.7.18. Australia

15.7.19. Africa

15.7.20. References

Part IV

16. Bronze Age

17.  Iron Age

18.  Medieval to Early Modern

19.  Modernity

20.  Fall of civilizations

20.1. Examples of civilizations

20.2. History of the Americas

20.2.1.1. Migration into the continents

20.2.1.2. Lithic stage (before 8000 BCE)

20.2.1.3. Archaic stage (8000 BC — 1000 BC)

20.2.1.4. Mesoamerica, the Woodland Period, and Mississippian Culture (2000 BC — 500 AD)

20.2.1.5. Classic stage (800 AD — 1300 AD)

20.2.1.5a. Oasisamerica

20.2.1.5b. Aridoamerica

20.2.1.5c. Mesoamerica

20.2.1.5d. South America

20.2.2. European colonization

20.2.2.1. Colonial Period

20.2.2.2. Decolonization

20.2.2.3. Effects of Slavery

20.2.2.4. References

21.  Tribes that Avoided Modern Civilization

21.1. History

21.1.1. Modern

21.1.2. Asia

21.1.2.1. Andaman Islands, India

21.1.2.2. Vietnam

21.1.3. Oceania

21.1.3.1. Australia

21.1.3.2. New Guinea

21.1.4. North America

21.1.4.1. United States

21.1.5. South America

21.1.5.1. Bolivia

21.1.5.2. Brazil

21.1.5.3. Colombia

21.1.5.4. Ecuador

21.1.5.5. French Guinea

21.1.5.6. Guyana

21.1.5.7. Paraguay

21.1.5.8. Peru

21.1.5.9. Suriname

21.1.5.10. Venezuela

21.2. References

22.  Time has come to Repay our debt to tribes

23.  We need to provide a firm foundation for our National Institute of Ethnobotany

24.  Intellectual Property Rights

25.  Summary