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Blurb

Mycotoxins, toxic metabolites of molds elaborated during their colonization of foods and feeds, pose a threat to human and animal life. Molds are the diverse group of fungi, which grow in compatatively dry and warm environments, produce copious amount of spores and promote the elaboration of these mycotoxins. Mycotoxigenic fungi, which are unique their sporulating apparatus and exhibit wide variation in their morphology, poses a challenge in their identification. There are numerous examples of their misidentification leading to wrong conclusions. Precise information on taxonomy of these fungi is lacking. Therefore, this book fulfills the need of providing comprehensive information and keys helpful for the accurate identification of these moulds. The book also provides comprehensive account of morphology, mycotoxins produced and factors leading to the elaboration of mycotoxins. Information on their molecular detection, anamorphic and teleomorphic relationships is also included.

Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1.(i) General Introduction

1.2. (ii) Key to the identification of mycotoxin producing fungi

1.3. (iii) Figures of Mycotoxigenic Fungi

Chapter 2 Isolation and detection of mycotoxigenic fungi

2.1. Mycological Examination of Foods

2.2. Sample Preparation

2.3. Methods and Media for Isolation of Xerophilic Fungi

2.4. Taxonomy of Food Spoilage Fungi

2.5. Culture Collections and their Importance in Mycotoxin Research

2.5.1. Methods of Metabolic Activity Maintained Fungal Cultures

2.5.2. Methods of Metabolically Inactive Fungal Cultures

2.6. Importance of Culture Collections for Research on Mycotoxigenic Fungi of Stored Products

2.7. Culture Collection and Developing Countries

Chapter 3: Description of Various Mycotoxigenic Fungi

1. Acremonium

2. Alternaria

3. Arthrinium

4. Ascochyta

5. Aspergillus

6. Beauveria

7. Bipolaris

8. Byssochlamys

9. Ceratocystis

10. Chalara

11. Chaetomium

12. Cladosporium

13. Clavariopsis

14. Claviceps

15. Colletotrichum

16. Curvularia

17. Cylindrocarpon

18. Dendrodochium

19. Diaporthe

20. Diplodia

21. Dichotomomyces

22. Drechslera

23. Dematophora

24. Epichloe

25. Epicoccum

26. Fusarium

27. Fusicoccum

28. Gerlachia

29. Gibberella

30. Gliocladium

31. Gloeotinia

32. Hormiscium

33. Hyalodendron

34. Lasiodiplodia

35. Metarrhizium

36. Microdochium

37. Magnaparthe

38. Monographella

39. Myrothecium

40. Nigrospora

41. Paecilomyces

42. Papulaspora

43. Penicillium

44. Periconia

45. Pestalotiopsis

46. Phoma

47. Phomopsis

48. Piricauda

49. Pithomyces

50. Pteroconium

51. Pyricularia

52. Rosellinia

53. Sclerotinia

54. Sepedonium

55. Stachybotrys

56. Sphacilia

57. Talaromyces

58 Thanatephorerus

59. Thielavia

60. Torulopsis

61. Trichoderma

62. Trichotheicum

63. Verticillium

64. Verticimonosporium

65. Zygosporium

Chapter 4 Molecular Detection of Mycotoxigenic Fungi and Mycotoxins

4. 1. Introduction

4.2. Biosynthetic Gene Clusters

4.3. Molecular Markers for Fungal Complex Genetic Analyses

4.4. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in Detection of Mycotoxigenic species

4.5. Single-Strand Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP)

4.6. Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD)

4.7. Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP)

4.8. Molecular Detection of Different Mycotoxins in Foods and Feeds

Chapter 5 Pleomorphism in Mycotoxigenic Fungi

5.1. Pleomorphism with Conidia of the same Ontogenic Type

5.2. Pleomorphism with Conidia of different types

5.3. Pleomorphism of Conidiomata

5.4. Sequence of States

5.5. Pleomorphism and Classification

5.6. Pleomorphism and Nomenclature

Chapter 6 Ecology of Mycotoxigenic Fungi

6.1. Effect of Physical factors

6.2. Effect of Chemical factors

6.3. Influence of Biological factors

Glossary

List of Mycotoxigenic Species

References